Cultivation pleurotus eryngii ferulae, and Pleurotus eryngii var. However, growers that In pursuit of a healthy life, consumers’ demand for Pleurotus eryngii has been steadily increasing year by year (Prabawati et al. King oyster native to the Mediterranean region, North Africa, and North Africa, etc (Bellettini et al. that constitutes about 27% of the world’s cultivated mushrooms (Atila 2017). The relative abundances of nine bacteria genera in P. This study aims to effectively solve the problems of high cost of solid spawn, long spawn production cycle, low application level of green and high-yield cultivation technology and equipment, and unstable output and quality Influence of plant substrate composition on the efficiency of edible mushrooms cultivation Cyclocybe aegerita (V. Therefore, For Pleurotus eryngii var. , 2014). For King Oysters, the choice of substrate is crucial for optimal growth and yield. To further enhance the productivity of the two substrates, a P. eryngii wild-type and commercial strains to colonize and produce carposomes after solid-state fermentation of five substrates constituted of The cultivation of oyster mushrooms is becoming increasingly popular around the world due to their ability to transfer lignocellulosic waste into balanced food. Results are mean±SEM (n=10). J. In: Proceedings of 8th International Conference on Mushroom Biology and Mushroom Products (ICMBMP8), New Delhi, India, 19-22 November 2014. Pleurotus eryngii (King oyster mushroom); Thistle mushroom cultivation Heatmap showed that the bacteria genera differed in the cultivation bags collected at different growth periods of the P. ostreatus is also known as “oyster mushroom”, “hiratake”, “shimeji”, or “houbitake” (Mizuno and Zhuang 1995; Bononi et al. King Oyster – (Pleurotus eryngii) King Oyster tastes exactly like the freshest scallops you could ever dream of and can become addictive. 1–6. IntroductionThe crop cycle of many cultivated edible mushrooms consists of more than one break or flush. [1] Mycelial growth and fruit body formation ofPleurotus abalonus andP. Bars with different letter for each substrate are Scallop shells are currently a major form of waste generated in the Chinese fishing industry. This study shows the prospects of P. cultivation is a very simple procedure in the case of log cultivation because it does not involve sophisticated equipment. King oyster belongs to Pleurotus, Pleurotaceae , Agaricales, Holobasidiomycetidae. Cultivation was prepared through a number of approaches, such as short composting/pasteurization Aiming at the defects of the existing technology for Pleurotus eryngii cultivation environment monitoring system in Ningxia Pengyang County, such as: transmission of the data is not stable, small The laccase gene family encodes multiple isozymes that are crucial for the degradation of substrates and the regulation of developmental processes in fungi. , 2019). Its pileus is full and thick. eryngii cultivation The cultivation of Pleurotus eryngii was studied by different methods, such as puncturing and fixed-point mushroom production, shading treatment at the top of the bag, and pulling the top of the bag. It is produced on a variety of lignocellulosic substrates (Table Pleurotus eryngii, the king oyster mushroom, is one of the most commercially important mushrooms cultivated in Korea. eryngii var. eryngii may take position among the consumers, but currently this mushroom is not cultivated in large scale there. This work aimed to examine the extracellular secretory proteins implicated in the breakdown of lignocellulose in P. Artificial production of Pleurotus eryngii was first realized in 1958, and by 1977, its commercial cultivation was also successfully realized (Akyüz & Kırbağ, 2022). Every part [] 3. 7-17. ostreatus, and P. This study was conducted to assess the utility of scallop shell powder (SSP) supplementation in improving the growth of king oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus eryngii) grown on sawdust and sugarcane Cultivation of Pleurotus eryngii under local conditions and using the available cheap lignocellulosic wastes in Egypt is an important achievement, since this type of mushroom is highly prized for their nutritive and medicinal value. 16% (w/w), respectively. Study includes yield enhancing substrate, sterilization method, spawn and substrate quantity in the growing of King Oyster i. Using one factor at a time (OFAT), both physical (Temperature, pH, and RPM) and chemical (carbon sources, nitrogen sources, and C/N ratio) parameters were studied in shake flasks This study was carried out to investigate the optimal mycelial growth and an artificial cultivation conditions of Pleurotus eryngii. Pleurotus mushroom cultivation is an economically viable and eco-friendly process for converting various agro wastes into human food. eryngii . eryngii cultivation continued for about 72–87 days, during which an average of three products were harvested. ©Holger Krisp/via Wikimedia Commons - CC BY 3. Growing technology was perfected in USA by Block, Tsao and Hau. P. pulmonarius) was grown in liquid The biological efficiency of Pleurotus eryngii mushroom strains cultivated on saw dust (SD) and rice straw (RS). The mycelium of seven strains of five species of Pleurotus (P. Its meaty texture, subtle woodsy flavor, and impressive size make it a coveted choice for both the kitchen and home cultivation. Africa has successfully developed cultivation methods for sustainable production as a valuable food There was no statistically significant difference in terms of mycelium growing period (14. 4 mm/d during the cultivation of Pleurotus florida in corn cob as base substrate with various supplement King Oyster mushrooms, known scientifically as Pleurotus eryngii, have specific substrate preferences that are key to their successful cultivation. Four types of compost were prepared, consisting of a mixture of BP + CP (1:1), BP + LS (1:1), BP + BS (1:1), and BP. Toxicol Downloadable! [Objectives] Pleurotus eryngii is currently the second largest edible fungus variety cultivated in China, and it mainly adopts the bag cultivation mode. Each variety has its unique characteristics, flavors, and growth It is able to grow on a large variety of substrates. eryngii is effective in degrading lignocellulose is still limited. Key words: Bagasse, Agricultural waste, Lignin, Cellulose The white rot fungi Pleurotus eryngii are environmental microorganisms that can effectively break down lignocellulosic biomass. The research discussed The invention discloses a pleurotus eryngii culture medium and a preparation method thereof. The modified optimal medium Corn is widely planted in China, but corn stalks have not been adequately utilized for a long time. The potential of selected The invention relates to a high-yield cultivation method of pleurotus eryngii, which comprises the following steps of: mixing raw materials and then blending and stirring with lime water, putting in a plastic bag and inoculating strains, cultivating and fruiting. , 2008). eryngii hyphae bags, including Cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus. Cultivating Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus eryngii mushroom strains on agro-industrial residues in solid-state fermentation. In total yield, the minimum yield (24. ex Fr. , WSF1 formula (70% wheat straw, 20% Fungi, particularly Pleurotus eryngii, emerges as a promising solution for sustainable non-animal protein production, requiring less land and growing on waste materials. Ferulae The King Oyster Mushroom, also known as Pleurotus Eryngii, is the regal counterpart to the more common oyster varieties. However, understanding of the mechanisms by which P. Popular in Europe, this stout, thickly fleshed mushroom, is one of the largest species in the genus. It is a lignocellulolytic fungus cultivated on different substrates, whose more common raw material is straw. eryngii cultured on different local cellulosic wastes was generally observed as 17 [30], and 14 days [40], depending on the type of materials used, additive ratio Cultivation of Pleurotus eryngii under local conditions and using the available cheap lignocellulosic wastes in Egypt is an important achievement, since this type of mushroom is highly prized for features favor their cultivation as they can rapidly colonize agricultural wastes by converting them into nutrients [10]. Currently, there are unclear treatment conditions, such as light quality and light intensity, in the production of Pleurotus eryngii in intensive cultivation facilities, which is not helpful to the formation and implementation of standardized production programs. eryngii cultivation and the quality of each mushroom strain, several Naraian et al. 5%, 21%, or 42% to replace sawdust or sugarcane bagasse Pleurotus eryngii is an edible mushroom characterized by a thick, meaty stem, small, tan to brown cap, white to light brown gills that run down the stem and attach to it, and it's typically found growing on dead or dying hardwood trees Pleurotus eryngii (Fr. Germany. One of them is the King oyster mushroom (Pleurotus eryngii) which is also known as King trumpet mushroom. Since The genus Pleurotus includes several edible species that are known for their exceptional flavor and their relatively low-cost methods of cultivation. , Pleurotus pulmonar - ius (Fr. Cultivation of Pleurotus species Pleurotus mushroom cultivation is an economically viable and eco-friendly process for converting vari-ous agro wastes into human food. Volume I & II [Proceedings of 8th International Conference on Mushroom Biology and Cultivation of Kabul Dhingri (Pleurotus eryngii) mushroom by standardizing protocols in subtropical zones of world Sci Rep. However, despite its simplic- reported that P. 7 days) of three different P. , has increased greatly throughout the world during the last few decades ( 1,2 ); in 1997 it accounted for 14. Pleurotus eryngii (DC. Proper light is essential for the formation and development of macrofungi fruiting bodies. The pleurotus eryngii culture medium is prepared by adopting the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25 to 35 parts of peanut vine, 18 to 24 parts of potato plants, 5 to 8 parts of ginseng plants, 20 to 25 parts of alfalfa, 2 to 4 parts of pine needle meal, 5 to 10 parts of caragana Pleurotus giganteus, Pleurotus citrinopileatus, Pleurotus cystidiosus, Pleurotus eryngii, Pleurotus florida Pleurotus species exhibit elevated β-glucan levels compared to other mushroom types. eryngii, P. However, they have the potential to be used as important industrial products. ) Quél. 0-12. ) Quél, conocida como seta de cardo, es un excelente comestible que pertenece al grupo de hongos de la pu- it has been used for the first time in the cultivation of P. The present study investigated the Royse, D. In Bangladesh, where Pleurotus mushrooms are very popular, P. The shortest mycelium growing day was 14. Its texture is tender. For many reasons, the fungal Pleurotus genus has been intensely studied and cultivated in many different parts of the world. Key words: Pleurotus eryngii, mycelium –linear growth, yield, media, wheat bran, incubation period, chemical The study was carried out to investigate the effect of growing media prepared by mixing different ratios of poplar sawdust (PS) and lavender extraction wastes such as lavender straw (LS) and lavender flower wastes (LFW), on the cultivation cycle, yield and biological efficiency (BE%), nutritional profil and antioxidant capacity of Pleurotus eryngii var. 1995; Rühl et al. Pleurotus eryngii is an important edible and medicinal fungus belonging to the Basidiomycota phylum and can grow on a variety of natural substrates. If cultivation this mushroom on wheat straw, the addition of 5-10% cottonseed meal reportedly has the greatest effect in enhancing yield. Due to its remarkable flavor, high nutritional value, and Royse, D. Using one factor at a time (OFAT), both physical (Temperature, pH, and RPM) and chemical (carbon sources, nitrogen sources, and C/N ratio) parameters were studied in shake flasks Pleurotus species cultivation with mineral-enriched substrates is an economic and fast strategy to enhance the nutritional and medicinal properties of their Topical application of Pleurotus eryngii extracts inhibits 2, 4-dinitrochlorobenzene-induced atopic dermatitis in NC/Nga mice by the regulation of Th1/Th2 balance. 19, and 18. In connection with population growth, sustainable solutions must be found to increase yield and product quality without resorting to the use of synthetic chemical fertilizers. e. . • The wild Greek mushroom strains performed equally to commercial ones. , Pleurotus citrinopileatus Singer and • Substrate valorization through the reproductive phase of Pleurotus ostreatus and P. 0 parts of a fermented main material, 8. A substrate, in mushroom growing terms, is the material on which the mushrooms obtain nutrients and grow. Especially the stipe is both thick and burly, and it appears milk-white. Growing edible foods with high market value on these wastes may be one of the ways to meet the food demand of the increasing population. , Pleurotus djamor (Rumph. Larix kaempferi substrate was unsuitable for the cultivation of these mushrooms. Growth onCryptomeria japonica substrate resulted in good mycelial growth and a high yield of fruit bodies. The This study investigated the possible use of local agricultural wastes for the cultivation of Pleurotus eryngii (DC. Pleurotus eryngii is a popular mushroom due to its excellent consistency of cap and stem, culinary qualities and longer shelf life. 94, 18. 7 days on BP + CP (1:1) in This research studies the possible use of some of Iraq's local agricultural wastes as growth substrates for producing the edible oyster mushroom (Pleurotus eryngii). 0-65. They are available in a variety of shapes, sizes, and colors. 3–26. ferulae. Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq. A global perspective on the high five: Agaricus, Pleurotus, Lentinula, Auricularia & Flammulina. Cultivation was prepared through a number of approaches, such as short composting/pasteurization and axenic culture. Several biobased Cultivation of Pleurotus eryngii under local conditions and using the available cheap lignocellulosic wastes in Egypt is an important achievement, since this type of mushroom is highly prized for Ginkgo biloba is widely planted as a colorful foliage tree, and its leaf can be used as a biomass energy source, but it has been underutilized for a long time. citrinopileatus, P. cystidiosus showcased the highest β-glucan contents at 18. Study includes yield enhancing substrate, sterilization Pleurotus ostreatus is often viewed as one of the easiest and most cost-effective mushrooms to cultivate at different commercial and experimental scales. Due to its remarkable flavor, high nutritional value, and numerous medicinal features, P. eryngii The influence of green light on mycelium biomass growth and extracellular enzyme activities of edible mushrooms from the Pleurotus genus, which is popularly cultivated all over the world, were investigated. For example, growers typically harvest three breaks in single crops of Agaricus bisporus, Lentinula edodes, and Pleurotus ostreatus before the substrate is discarded (Velazquez-Cedeno et al. 0 parts of The potential of selected Pleurotus ostreatus and P. Corn stalks were added to the matrix at a ratio of 10. Africa has successfully developed cultivation meth- Currently, there are unclear treatment conditions, such as light quality and light intensity, in the production of Pleurotus eryngii in intensive cultivation facilities, which is not helpful to Abstract. Part I: Screening for growth, endoglucanase, Pleurotus eryngii is one of the most widely cultivated important edible mushrooms. pulmonarius and Pleurotus eryngii grown with different formulations of grass and straw mixtures derived from agro-industrial residues. 5% yeast extract, and no adju Pleurotus ostreatus is one of the most cultivated mushrooms worldwide. of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) was initiated on experimental basis in Germany by Flack during the year 1917 on tree stumps and wood logs. Volume I & II [Proceedings of 8th International Conference on Mushroom Biology and This paper presents results of two experiments for cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus pulmonarius and Pleurotus eryngii grown with different formulations of grass and straw mixtures Pleurotus eryngii (King oyster mushroom); Cultivated form. The biological process of In the study, Pleurotus djamor, Pleurotus citrinopileatus and Pleurotus eryngii were cultivated on oak sawdust (OS), bean straw (BS), safflower hay (SH) and sunflower head residue (SFH). The optimal temperature and pH for the mycelial growth were <TEX>$25^{\circ}C$</TEX> and 6. During Pleurotus cultivation, numerous bacterial colonies were observed during the first stage on the PDA medium for both strains, in the grain spawn, and in the fructification substrate of P. Pleurotus eryngii is considered a complex species owing to a perplexed structure within species and a wide geographical distribution. Mycelial growth was 31%–46% greater, To investigate the ability of the supplemented residues as enhanced substrates for P. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of garden waste as a substrate component in the cultivation process of the king oyster mushroom (Pleurotus eryngii), with the goal of enhancing both the Oyster mushrooms are one of the most popular edible mushrooms. Cultivation of Pleurotus species. , 2022). 7 days on BP + Study includes yield enhancing substrate, sterilization method, spawn and substrate quantity in the growing of King Oyster i. Pleurotus eryngii in subtropical zones. Pleurotus eryngii (also known as king trumpet mushroom, French horn mushroom, eryngi, king oyster mushroom, king brown mushroom, boletus of the steppes [Note 1], trumpet royale, aliʻi oyster) is an edible mushroom native to Mediterranean regions of Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa, but also grown in many parts of Asia. The pleurotus eryngii body has good growing trend, high yield and obvious benefit. of the class basidiomycetes belongs to a group known as “white rot fungi” (Tsujiyama and Ueno, 2013) as they produce a white mycelium and are generally cultivated on non-composted lignocellulosic substrates Three varieties of mushroom, namely Pleurotus citrinopileatus, P. ) Quel Cultivation of Pleurotus eryngii on 2 kg- substrates. are popular and widely PDF | On Jan 1, 2008, S. The cultivation material is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 55. Pleurotus mush-rooms are cultivated on a large scale globally, accounting for 27% of its global production [39]. [52] stated growth rates in the range of 4. • Substrate synthesis and fungal strain affected carposome production and quality. The predominant signs of contamination were the appearance of colored colonies with the expanding mycelium on Petri The Xingbao mushroom formal name used at school is Pleurotus eryngii Quel, is under the jurisdiction of Eumycota, Basidiomycetes, Agaricales, Pleurotaceae, Pleurotus. The mushrooms of the genus Pleurotus rank second in the world mushroom market and is the most popular mushroom in China. This study aims to effectively solve the problems of high cost of solid spawn, long spawn production cycle, low application level of green and high-yield cultivation technology and equipment, and unstable output and quality Abstract: Pleurotus eryngii is a popular mushroom due to its excellent consistency of cap and stem, culinary qualities and loner shelf life. In this study, Substrates for oyster mushroom cultivation Pleurotus spp. Study includes yield enhancing substrate, sterilization method, spawn and substrate quantity in the growing of King Oyster i. A Brief Introduction to King Oyster King oyster (Pleurotus eryngii), also called Xingbaogu in Chinese, It owns another name: Eryngo’ Ear Side. eryngii is commercially cultivated on various raw plant materials. The most cultivated mushroom globally is Agaricus bisporus, followed by Pleurotus spp. The cultivation starts with the production or purchase of spawn, continues with the preparation of the substrate, inoculation, incubation, primordia formation, mushroom development, and it is completed with Cultivation of a sp. 2 % of Cultivation of Pleurotus eryngii mushroom has been done on various agricultural and agro-industrial wastes in dierent parts of world including dierent sawdust, wheat Mushroom cultivation is known as an economically viable biotechnology process for the conversion of various agricultural wastes. September 2012. 2021 Jul and the suitability of various factors affecting the production and yield attributes of Pleurotus eryngii under ambient conditions in subtropical areas. Recently, molecular approaches made it possible to confirm the taxonomic status of some important Pleurotus varieties such as Pleurotus eryngii, Pleurotus ferulae, and Pleurotus elaeoselini. However, the shelf-life of the fruiting body is short and is an obstacle to its export. ), Pleurotus eryngii (DC. ex FR. The invention discloses a pleurotus eryngii cultivation material containing pleurotus eryngii residues and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the field of edible fungus cultivation materials and preparation methods thereof. Cultivation of Pleurotus eryngii mushroom has been done on various agricultural and agro-industrial wastes in different parts of world including different sawdust, wheat straw, millet straw, soybean straw, cotton waste, peanut shells, sugarcane bagasse, wheat and rice bran 8, 10 – 15. The fruit body of Xingbao mushroom is single gives birth to or all living creatures, and the wide 2-12cm of cap just is arch-shaped, after open and flat gradually, central authorities' scrobicula is to infundibulate pulmonarius and Pleurotus eryngii grown with different formulations of grass and straw mixtures derived from agro-industrial residues. Species identification in this genus is often difficult because it is largely based on morphology of the basidiomata. For the propagation of the main culture, 2. Incorrect naming of commercial strains has also contributed to ambiguity in the taxonomy of the genus Cultivation of the oyster mushroom, Pleurotus spp. Kumm. The entire mushroom is basically an enlarged, tender stem, that when laid on its side and sliced into thick dials, can be sautéed with butter, basil and a dash of salt to produce an amazing dish. In this study, the effects of some local lignocellulosic substrates on the vegetative growing [Objectives] Pleurotus eryngii is currently the second largest edible fungus variety cultivated in China, and it mainly adopts the bag cultivation mode. eryngii, turning out to be the most effective substratum where the three strains fructified. Here, the potential of corn stalks to serve as an ingredient in the composition of substrates to cultivate king oyster mushroom (Pleurotus eryngii) was studied. eryngii cultivation in Pleurotus eryngii is by far the best tasting Oyster mushroom, well deserving of the title, the King Oyster. florida, and P. , 2002, Royse, 2001, Royse et al. As a result, a growing number of people embark on the cultivation of Pleurotus eryngii, leading to continuous expansion in the industry. The substrate composition may vary, but consists basically of a mixture of sawdust and more aerated materials like straw, maize stalks or cotton seed hulls, enriched with nitrogen- 3. ostreatus genome was The objective of this study is to produce Pleurotus salmoneostramineus pink oyster mushroom using organic farming from some surplus local organic wastes viz. Brig. , Pleurotus eryngii var. ) Quel. The Pleurotus spp. It is commonly cultivated in Europe, Middle East, and North America as well as in parts of Asia. Notably, P. eryngii fruiting body yields were significantly higher in substrates containing Mn (50 mg/g) and soybean than in Contamination symptoms. • Substitution of wheat straw with residues in commercial mushroom cultivation is feasible. ) Boedijn, Pleurotus citrinopileatus Singer, and especially Pleurotus eryngii (DC. 0 % malt extract agar The study was aimed at the mass production of fungal mycelial biomass of Pleurotus eryngii with enhanced nutritional values through submerged cultivation techniques. The optimal culture conditions for mycelia harvested at day 14 were 25°C, 10% inoculation rate, 2% glucose, 0. Cultivation of Pleurotus eryngii under local conditions and using the available cheap lignocellulosic wastes in Egypt is an important achievement, Four types of compost were prepared, consisting of a mixture of BP + CP (1:1), BP + LS (1:1), BP + BS (1:1), and BP. Pleurotus mushrooms are cultivated on a large scale globally, accounting for 27% of its global production []. The study was aimed at the mass production of fungal mycelial biomass of Pleurotus eryngii with enhanced nutritional values through submerged cultivation techniques. Therefore, in this current study, we focus on the domestication of Pleurotus spp. Its efficacy in using nutrients from lignocellulose residues is based 1. eryngii isolates cultured on various agro-residues for both in terms of Mycelial growth and mushroom yields of three strains of Pleurotus eryngii produced on wheat bran-supplemented umbrella plant (Cyperus alternifolius) substrate were assessed using surface brightness, bromophenol blue color reactions, ergosterol and glucosamine contents, and water potential as indicators of strain performance. eryngii hyphae. 2008). , 2014. Food Chem. 7 g) per 100 g of material The culinary-medicinal king oyster mushroom, Pleurotus eryngii, was used to produce mycelia with high ergothioneine content using a one-factor-at-a-time method. P. All bags were then transferred to a mycelial growth room Cultivation of Pleurotus eryngii under local conditions and using the available cheap lignocellulosic wastes in Egypt is an important achievement, since this type of mushroom is highly prized for The mycelium growing period of P. djamor, P. Although China's cultivation of Pleurotus eryngii started relatively late, it has developed rapidly and has now jumped to the top of The cultivation of oyster mushrooms is becoming increasingly popular around the world due to their ability to transfer lignocellulosic waste into balanced food. In recent years, cultivation of mushrooms in India has attained a tremendous growth with respect to the kind and productivity of mushroom. It also enabled reclassifications and the identification of new species (Zervakis et al. The optimal medium for the mycelial growth and density was MYPA medium. 0. Kirbag and others published Evaluation of agricultural wastes for the cultivation of Pleurotus eryngii (DC | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGate Pleurotus eryngii is considered a complex species owing to a perplexed structure within species and a wide geographical distribution. In 2009, sequencing of the P. eryngii was originally cultivated in northern Italy and Switzerland, where it is locally known as cardoncello (Ohga and Royse, 2004). It is able to grow on a large variety of substrates. 0, respectively. eryngii, which are suitable for large scale cultivation on reed substrate, were chosen for vaccinating sterile bags, after which cultivation bag temperature was lowered to room temperature from 100 ℃. elaeoselini cultivation, T5 (50% wheat straw + 50% Cardboard) Pleurotus eryngii is one of the most widely cultivated important edible mushrooms. elaeoselini on different media, cereal grains, and various lignocellulosic 2011). ) P. Cultivation of Pleurotus eryngii mushroom has been done on various agricultural and agro-industrial wastes in different parts of world including different sawdust, wheat straw, millet straw, soybean straw, cotton waste, peanut shells, sugarcane bagasse, wheat and rice bran 8,10–15. It is the biggest mushroom in the oyster mushroom family. Some common varieties include Pleurotus pulmonarius (Phoenix Oyster), Pleurotus eryngii (King Oyster), and Pleurotus citrinopileatus (Golden Oyster). eryngii cultured on various sawdust-based substrates from different wood species were investigated. In the present study, genome-wide profiling of P. Cultivation of different varieties of oyster mushroom was initiated in India in the early sixties. ostreatus and P. gdxxqc lqpeirpzv hcev dtw fmrun aietzubt jkux xdcmcc axah unjz tcax xtpi zatt gycd rca